柴油发电机组长期当备用电源，一年跑不到几十小时，负载率常年不到三成。这种工况下想验证带载能力，只能挂假负载。可负载柜买回来一测，满档就是上不去——问题常出在容量是按额定值直接买的。

先分清阻性和阻感

假负载把机组的电转成热散掉，不接实际设备。分两种：阻性柜只有电阻，功率因数为 1；阻感一体柜外加电抗器，能模拟 0.8 的感性工况。机组铭牌上的 kW 对应 0.8，纯阻性柜只吃有功，测得出带载，测不出感性负载下的电压调整。

按额定功率配容量

容量口径：负载柜连续有功容量一般按机组额定功率的 1.0 倍配，这样才能覆盖 25%、50%、75%、100% 四个档位。以 400kW 机组为例，下限就是 400kW。想让测试有余量，或者当地夏季气温高，建议往上留一到两成，选 480 至 500kW 一档。

夏季降容要留余量

风冷负载柜靠空气散热，环境温度一高就自动降容，通常打八到九折。标称 400kW 的柜子放在 40℃ 环境里，可能只给出 320 至 360kW。卡着 1.0 倍买，夏天就测不到满档。放进通风差的集装箱里更明显。

发热量要和散热一起算

负载柜的发热量几乎等于机组输出功率：测 400kW，就有约 400kW 的热要排掉，折合每小时三十多万千卡。散热靠足够的风量或循环水，跟不上时柜子先过热保护跳闸。

分档停留别省时间

挂载时按 25%、50%、75%、100% 逐档上，每档稳定一段时间再读数，看水温、油压、电压与频率。一步到满档，读数没稳就跳机，测不出真实带载能力。

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